Session 12

 Conditionals 

unless = daca nu = if not 

1. Those of you who do not give in their names last week must do so today. - Unless you do not give in your names last week , you must do so today . 

2. Those of you who haven’t got cars will have to take the bus. - Unless you  have got cars, you will have to take the bus. 

3. I didn’t know anything about it. Otherwise, I’d told you. - If I had known something about it ,  I would have told you. 

4. It may not fit you. In that case, you can return it to the shop. - If it doesn't fit you , you can / could return it to the shop. 

5. You didn’t tell me in time. Otherwise, I might have been able to help. - If you had told me , I might  have been able to help you/ would have helped you . 

 6. You could have had an accident and your family would have blamed me. - If you had had an accident , your family would have blamed me ! 

7. If you aren’t on a diet, try the cheesecake. - Unless you are on a diet , try the cheesecake .

8. Danny wants to lose weight, but he doesn’t have any will power. - If Danny had enough  will power , he would lose weight .

9. Sue didn’t mention the tennis game so I didn’t turn up to watch. - If Sue had mentioned the tennis game I would have turned up to watch . 

KEEP CALM AND STUDY THE CONDITIONALS ! OTHERWISE ...:))(((

Session 11

 

American vs British 

https://www.boredpanda.com/british-american-english-differences-language/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=organic

  15. Life appeared on Earth millions of years ago.

    There has BEEN LIFE ON EARTH FOR MILLIONS OF YEARS.

  16. I came here at nine o’clock and I am still waiting for him.

    I’ve  BEEN WAITING FOR HIM SINCE NINE O'CLOCK.

  17. The Spaniards built this castle.

    This castle WAS BUILT BY SPANIARDS

  18. A UFO ( Unidentified Flying Object )  has not been seen here in 1960.

    Nobody HAS SEEN A UFO HERE SINCE 1960.

Conditionala - subordonata cu ' daca ' ( if )

Cond 1 - actiune posibila in viitor 

Ex : Daca el va fi atent va intelege conditionalele. 

IF + PRESENT ; FUTURE 

If he pays attention he will undersatnd conditionals. 

Ex Toata lumea va fi multumita daca va lua note bune . 

Everybody will be pleased if they get good grades. 

Cond 2 - actiune contrara  realitatii prezente

IF + PAST ; WOULD + V1

Ex: Daca as fi baiat as fi mai sensibil.

If I were a boy I would be more sensible. 

Vb " to be " in context de cond 2 are doar forma ' were ' la toate persoanele

Cond 3 - regret

IF + PAST PERFECT ; WOULD + HAVE + V3

Ex: Daca as fi stiut ca ne da test as fi invatat . 

If I had known about the test , I would have studied . 

  19. Turn the knob and the machine will start to work.

    If you turn the knob, the machine will start to work.

  20. I would like to buy a new CD, but I don’t have the money.

    If  I had the money, I would buy a new CD.

  21. I’ll come out with you at the weekend as long as I finish my homework.

    If  I finish my homework, I will come out with you at the weekend.

  22. This box is too heavy for me to carry.

    This box is not light enough for me to carry.

  23. Who invented the printing press?

    Who was the inventor of the printing press?

  24. A woman has written this book.

    This book has been written by a woman.

  25. A plumber fixed the pipe.

    I had the pipe fixed by a plumber.

  26. An engineer installed this washing-machine.

    We had this washing-machine installed by an engineer.

  27. “How long do you spend talking on the phone?”

    She asked him how long he spent talking on the phone.

  28. It was a very boring film.

    The film made me bored.

  29. I didn’t have the money so I didn’t buy a new jacket.

    If I had had the money,I would've bought a new jacket.

  30. I am tired because I don’t rest enough time.

    If I rested enough,I would not be tired.

INDIRECT SPEECH 

Session 10 BONE IDLE

 ....THIS NOVEMBER TO BE DELETED ...

Maybe  she doesn't like online classes . Or something wrong has happened to her or to her family. Probably  because we know in November it is the highest depression rate. After a summer full of life all vegetation dies and all the withering around  makes us uncomfortable.I think it might be because November separates us from Christmas and she is eager to feel the Christmas spirit. It could be that the virus, this November, has been spreading faster. In my opinion she might have  had a bad day and she was upset about everything.

to wither (ed) / to fade (ed) = a se ofili

Modal verbs 

prohibition = prohibitie/ interzicere

must (internal )

have to - trebuie  * ( external )

It is already 10 o'clock, We must go back ( we want to )

It is already 10 o'clock, We have to  go back ( mum / boss wants us back )

must- reguli 

You must be quiet in the library !

You must cross the street when the light is green   !

mustn't = nu trebuie ( e interzis )

don't have to = nu este necesar ( faci cum consideri )= don't need to 

https://www.grammarbank.com/mustnt-vs-dont-have-to.html

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-14439.php

should = ar trebui ( sfaturi )

may = s-ar putea (-)  / a cere permisiunea

might = s-ar putea ( --)

May I have any sweets ? ( grammatical correct - not sure about the answer ) 

May I have some sweets ? ( you are sure the answer is ' yes' )

can = a putea ( a fi capabil sa ) / a cere permisiunea 

had better + V1 = mai bine as....

I had better write this exercise because I can understad it more easily.

more easily = adverb

easier = adjectiv 

This lesson is easier than the other one. 

We had better NOT smoke at this age . 

to be supposed to = a se presupune ca ...

The students are supposed to join the online meetings with their cameras on. 

lame = penibil

MODALS IN THE PAST 

modal + have + V3 

He could have done this exercise before because he knew it perfectly . 

She might have written this letter before she died. 

The neighbours may have watched the event before they talked about it . 

needn't  to= don't need to = nu e necesar sa 

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/modal-verbs/m009.htm

Session 11 American vs English vocabulary

Session 9

 PAST PERFECT - past actions happened before another past action 

- similar to 'm.m.c.p.'- vazuseram / plimbasera/ adusesera

Ex : 

Before we had the English class yesterday I had had problems with sharing the screen in Teams.

I hadn't gone to kindergarten before I started preparatory class .

I had never driven before I got my driving licence.

Before we went to the zoo, our car had broken down. 

I hadn't watched that film before you told me about it. 

I had never visited that place before I found out information about it on the travel blog. 

PAST PERFECT vs PAST SIMPLE 

https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs11.htm

to submit (ed) = a trimite spre evaluare/ publicare

chance = sansa 

to change (ed) = a schimba 

at least = cel putin 

to fill (ed) out/ in  = a completa 

landlord = proprietar

landlady = proprietareasa

to turn (ed) out = a se dovedi ca ...

credit report= raport de credit / extras de cont 

to luck (ed) out = a iesi cu bine dintr-o situatie considerata cu risc 

http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-past-simple-vs-past-perfect.html#.X6JMSYgzbIU

by the time = pana cand 

as soon as = de indata ce 

https://first-english.org/english_learning/english_tenses/comparison_tenses/40_simple_past_or_past_perfect_exercises.htm

Use the text " The fall of the Berlin Wall " - page 23 to write down 10 questions .

" The Fall of the Berlin Wall "- page 23, Art Klett 

How many years was Berlin a divided city?

What had stopped citizens from east Germany to visit their neighbours?

What was the  purpose of the Berlin Wall?

When did the East German government announce their people were free to visit the other part of the country? :)

When were radical demonstrations in Eastern Europe ? 

Homework :

" Scorpions " - " The wind of change " - to listen ! 

1.Write down metaphors that you can understand from the song and guess their meaning . 

2. In a few sentences put down the message of the song .

Deadline : 8th Nov , at noon